An earthquake is the shaking of the Earth’s surface caused by the sudden release of energy in the Earth’s lithosphere, resulting in seismic waves. This release of energy can occur due to various factors, including the movement of tectonic plates, volcanic activity, or human activities such as mining or drilling. Earthquakes can vary in magnitude and intensity, ranging from minor tremors that are barely perceptible to devastating events that can cause significant destruction and loss of life. The point within the Earth where the earthquake originates is called the focus, while the point directly above it on the surface is known as the epicenter. Seismographs are commonly used to detect and measure the strength and duration of earthquakes, classified on the Richter scale or moment magnitude scale. Earthquakes are natural phenomena and can occur anywhere in the world, though certain regions, particularly those near tectonic plate boundaries, are more susceptible to seismic activity.
A 4.8-magnitude earthquake struck near Lisbon, originating just three kilometers from Charneca de Caparica in Almada. Locals and tourists in Lisbon felt buildings sway, highlighting the city's vulnerability to natural…